Meniscus injury

The meniscus is two pieces of fibrous cartilage that absorb shock and stabilize the knee joint. Athletes, especially football, basketball, and baseball players, as well as those engaged in heavy physical labor and obesity, are more prone to meniscus tears due to the increased pressure on their knee joints, making them susceptible to tears when twisting or jumping.

A meniscus tear refers to damage that occurs in the meniscus (a type of fibrous cartilage located between the femur and tibia) in the knee joint. The main function of the meniscus is to absorb shock and stabilize the knee joint. Tears can be sudden (acute tears) or gradual (chronic tears), with specific causes including:

1. Acute Tears:

   • Sports Injuries:
     Meniscus tears are common in athletes, especially those involved in activities that require a lot of jumping, quick turns, and sudden stops, such as basketball, football, and tennis. These movements can cause the meniscus to suddenly twist or compress.

   • Direct Impact:
     Direct impact to the knee, such as being hit or falling with the knee hitting the ground during contact sports, can also lead to a meniscus tear.

2. Chronic Tears:

   • Aging:
     As individuals age, the meniscus gradually becomes more fragile and prone to tearing. Even in older adults, meniscus tears can occur during daily activities.

   • Repetitive Activities:
     Engaging in repetitive knee activities such as squatting, lifting heavy objects, etc., over a long period can also lead to meniscus wear and tear.

3. Anatomical and Biomechanical Factors:

   • Leg Alignment Issues:
     Leg alignment issues like bow legs or knock knees can cause uneven pressure on the meniscus, increasing the risk of tears.

   • Muscle Weakness:
     If the muscle group supporting the knee joint (such as the quadriceps) is weak, it can lead to decreased joint stability and increase the risk of meniscus injury.

4. Physiological and Genetic Factors:

   • Obesity:
     Increased body weight puts extra pressure on the knee joint, increasing the likelihood of meniscus damage.

   • Genetic Factors:
     Some individuals may have weaker meniscus due to genetic factors, making them more prone to tears.

5. Occupational Risks:

   • Jobs that require frequent squatting or kneeling, such as construction workers, gardeners, etc., may lead to meniscus damage due to prolonged stress on the knee joint.

Treatment for meniscus tears includes physical therapy, and in severe cases, more aggressive surgical treatments such as arthroscopic surgery to repair or remove the damaged meniscus. After surgery, 3-5 months of physical therapy are required for rehabilitation to restore the knee to its original activity level and muscle elasticity and strength, to prevent re-injury during the vulnerable phase. Prevention measures include proper physical training, strengthening the muscles around the knee joint, avoiding overuse of the knee joint, and adopting appropriate techniques and protective measures during high-risk activities.